Красноярские ученые СО РАН решили улучшить качество хлеба с помощью необычного класса молекул — фуллеренов. Это одна из модификаций углерода, напоминающий «футбольный мяч». Поверхность частицы образована шестиугольниками, а размер шара составляет всего 0,7 нанометра.
Как рассказали в научном центре, главной задачей исследователей было улучшение биологической активности дрожжей. Для этого они решили использовать водорастворимые фуллерены, которые применяют для создания медицинских препаратов.
«Мы синтезировали и выделили фуллерены, провели процедуру их гидроксилирования путем кипячения в азотной кислоте, чтобы они стали растворимыми в воде. Анализ с помощью методов ИК-спектроскопии и рентгеновской фотоэлектронной спектроскопии подтвердил, что гидроксильные группы образовали с поверхностью фуллерена химическую связь. Многие исследователи изучают водорастворимые фуллерены с точки зрения их токсичности. Мы в своей работе выявили, что токсичность зависит от количества гидроксильных групп, присоединенных к фуллерену. Затем мы передали полученные нетоксичные образцы на кафедру технологии хлебопекарного, кондитерского и макаронного производства КГАУ, где соединение растворяли в воде и добавляли при замесе теста», — рассказал один из авторов Григорий Чурилов.
Молекулы «добавили» в хлеб из пшеничной муки. В итоге тесто стало более воздушным за счет пенной шапки из дрожжей.
«Результаты исследования по выпечке хлеба показали, что заготовки теста и готовый хлеб с увеличением количества фуллерена в образцах становились выше, чем обычно. Что касается внешнего вида: по мере увеличения количества фуллерена цвет хлеба становился более темным, но и запах, и вкус при этом оставались неизменными», — пояснили ученые.
Исследователи продолжат работу над молекулами.
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